Dysschema marginalis (Walker, 1855)

Walker, F. (1855). List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the
Collection of the British Museum. Part III. Lepidoptera Heterocera. Trustees of
the British Museum, London; pp. 618-619 (as Daritis marginalis).

Obscure fusca; thorax fascia antica interrupta flava; abdomen rufum, basi
vittisque tribus fuscis, subtus flavum; alae anticae fascia lata antice furcata
maculaque antica contigua flavis, strigisque basi rufis; posticae luteae fasciis
duabus nigris, una submarginali, altera marginali cyaneoque maculata.
Dark brown. Thorax in front with an interrupted pale yellow band. Pectus with a
few white hairs at the base of the wings. Abdomen red, dark brown at the base,
with three dark brown stripes, the lateral pair interspersed with yellow hairs;
under side yellow. Fore wings beyond the middle with a broad yellow band, which
is forked in front, and between the forks there is a somewhat rounded yellow
spot; base with red streaks, which are most apparent beneath where there is a
tuft of testaceous hairs very near the base. Hind wings luteous, with black
veins and with two black bands, the first slender and submarginal, the second
broader and marginal, and containing a row of blue spots; towards the disk there
is a black streak, and between it and the first black band on the under side are
three pale yellow spots. Legs partly clothed with yellow hairs. Length of the
body 11 lines; of the wings 34 lines.
a. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson's collection.

Hering, M. (1925). Pericopidae. In: Seitz, A. (ed.), The Macrolepidoptera of the
World, vol. 6, The American Bombyces and Sphinges. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart; p.
442, pl. 63 d (crassifascia), 63 f (magdala) (as Pericopis marginalis).

P. marginalis. All the forms of marginalis differ from those of lycaste by the
broad yellow basal spot of the patagia. The transverse band of the forewing is
more distinct, more hyaline, not so dusky as in the preceding. Abdomen beneath
yellow, without black segmental margins. marginalis Wkr. (male = dissimulans
Wkr.). Male ground-colour brown, female with a black postdiscal line in the
hindwing, which is hardly widened towards the anal margin, the hindwing being
brick-red to ochreous. Venezuela, Colombia. -- crassifascia subsp. nov. (63 d)
is in the female larger, with more blackish-brown forewings, the bands in the
hindwing as well as the ground-colour of it in the female more dark red, the
hindwing with a black postdiscal line being very much widened towards the anal
margin. South Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador (type from the Putumayo in the Berlin
Museum). -- panamensis subsp. nov. resembles more marginalis, but in the female
the postdiscal band is narrow and short, not continued to the anal margin,
mostly terminating before the 2nd cubitus; the band of the forewing is in the
female more whitish, not so hyaline as in the preceding races. Panama. (Type
from Chiriqui in the Berlin Museum). -- magdala Bsd. (63 f) is the smallest
race. Forewing 32 (female) or 29 (male) mm long; in the male the band of the
forewing and of the hindwing is very much strewn with white scales, nor are the
veins behind the cell of the hindwing dark. Female similar to marginalis, but
smaller. Hindwing hyaline reddish, band as in marginalis. Nicaragua to
Guatemala. -- lygdamis Drc. In the male likewise similar to the type, female
forewing brown, the band less contrasting, distally indistinctly defined;
hindwing brick-red, band similar to that in crassifascia. Male in the band of
the forewing very white, the red antemarginal band of the hindwing almost as
broad as in the female. -- In the form leda Drc. the costal margin of the
forewing is basally quite pale, all the markings are narrower. Costa Rica.

The lycaste paragraph referred to (same work, p. 441, pl. 63 e):

P. lycaste Klug (= iscariotes Bsd., cydon Drc.) (63 e). Body blackish-brown,
patagia and thoracal sides with scanty yellow scales; abdomen above red with a
black dorsal line, laterally with black lines, beneath brimstone-coloured,
posterior margins of the segments in the centre black. Forewing blackish-brown
with a diffuse hyaline transverse band extending from the tornus to the costa,
bifurcating at the discal cell, the outer portion projecting between the 1st
cubitus and 2nd median towards the margin. Hindwing hyaline in the male; costa,
transverse vein, and margin black, the latter with a row of white submarginal
spots, before them a brick-coloured red band being more or less extended to the
apex. Female hindwing of an ochreous-red ground-colour, margin black with white
spots, before it an irregular black line. Beneath the costa of the forewing with
a red basal streak, the black markings partly covered with red-brown. -- In the
male form praetides Drc. (63 f) the red parts in the margin of the hindwing are
absent; -- in tibesis Drc. (63 d, e) the male hindwing is not whitish hyaline,
but red-hyaline. Mexico to Colombia. -- Larva dark brown, spotted black in
dorsal, lateral, and stigmatal lines between the reddish-brown tubercles.
Segment 4 is lighter, 5 and 11 dark, their tubercles black; 3, 6 and 13 are
somewhat darker.

Moraes, S. S. (2014). Análise cladística da subtribo Pericopina e revisão
taxonômica de Dysschema Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae,
Arctiini). Doctoral thesis, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo;
pp. 65-67, figs 29 J-K (adults), 55 (male genitalia) (Dysschema marginalis,
holotype: Venezuela, BMNH).

Translated from the Portuguese original.

Redescription
Male (Fig. 29 J).
Head: brown. Vertex with a few white scales behind the scape; labial palpus
brown.
Thorax: predominantly brown. Prothoracic collar brown, base of the prothoracic
coxa beige. Tegula with a yellow spot occupying the whole basal part;
trochanters yellow, inner face of the meso- and metathoracic femora yellow. Fore
wing with costal, outer and inner margins and the subapical region brown; basal
region brown, which may be hyaline in some individuals, between the stem of R
and CuP; a V-shaped hyaline patch in the median and subapical region, from the
stem of R to the region of the tornus; a brown subquadrate spot at the closure
of the discal cell; wing base with a tuft of red scales on the costal margin;
underside with a pattern like the upperside, but with the subapical region and
outer margin ferruginous in some individuals and the basal eighth of the costal
margin with red scales. Hind wing with the costal margin light brown, the outer
margin brown; basal and discal region hyaline, veins outlined by brown scales; a
brown, sometimes ferruginous-brown, spot at the closure of the discal cell;
submarginal band brown, in some individuals its proximal element in the form of
a band of ferruginous tone between the costal margin and the inner margin, its
distal element in the form of white dots between Rs and 2A; underside with a
pattern like the upperside, but with ferruginous tones on the costal and outer
margins, wing base with a red spot on the costal margin.
Abdomen: dorsally red with a central brown band on segments A1-A8; ventrally
yellow. Tufts of red scales on the posterior part of the abdomen.
Genitalia (Fig. 55): tegumen rectangular in dorsal view, anterior margin
straight and postero-lateral projection acute. Uncus bifid, not fused to the
tegumen; arms of the uncus divergent, free in their anterior part, not projected
ventrally. Valva entire; medial apodeme (lacinia) absent, distal apodeme absent;
sacculus distinct, in the form of a fold; harpe distinct, rectangular and
narrow; cucullus digitiform, apex acute, as long as the valvula, directed
towards the medial region; valvula membranous, digitiform. Transtilla
sclerotized, not articulated with the valva or the juxta. Juxta sclerotized, a
single subquadrate sclerite. Saccus without anterior projections. Subscaphium
sclerotized. Aedeagus straight, smooth; ejaculatory bulb rounded, foramen
lateral; caecum inconspicuous, vesica with one lobe, with microspicules in the
basal part of the vesica, everted part of the ejaculatory duct with a
sclerotized plate.
Female (Fig. 29 K).
Head: like that of the male.
Thorax: predominantly brown. Prothoracic collar as in the male. Tegula as in the
male; legs as in the male. Fore wing brown; basal region brown; a V-shaped
semi-hyaline patch with light brown scales in the median and subapical region,
from the stem of R to the region of the tornus; a dark brown subquadrate spot at
the closure of the discal cell; wing base with a tuft of red scales on the
costal margin; underside with a pattern like the upperside, but with the
subapical region ferruginous in some individuals and the basal eighth of the
costal margin with red scales. Hind wing with the costal margin light brown, the
outer margin brown; basal and discal region orange, veins outlined by brown
scales; a brown spot at the closure of the discal cell, faded in some
individuals; discal band brown, of variable width and reduced in some
individuals, between Rs and 1A; submarginal band brown with white triangular
dots, sometimes obscured in some specimens; underside with a pattern like the
upperside, but with the wing base with a red spot on the costal margin.
Abdomen: like that of the male.
Genitalia: seventh sternite smooth; ostium membranous, not fused to the
sternite, without projections; antrum sclerotized, straight; ductus bursae
membranous, short; corpus bursae not extending beyond the seventh sternite,
signa paired, circular. Lamella antevaginalis absent; lamella postvaginalis
absent.